Tim Loughran 和 Bill McDonald 將財務領域的用詞分為這六大類情緒，奠定王釧茹團隊的軟資訊分析基礎。圖│研之有物(資料來源│Tim Loughran and Bill McDonald, 2011, When is a Liability not a Liability? Textual Analysis, Dictionaries, and 10-Ks, Journal of Finance, 66:1, 35-65.)